The Vietnam War was a complex issue, and a student can spend an entire semester on the basic principles simple. I tried different ways of communicating the information I learned in my class, covered the Vietnam War, and then a jumble of words in loose chronological order.
collective name for Indochina, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, the group of countries between the two superpowers of China's most populous country, India, the second ispopulated.
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Trieu Da-An ancient Chinese warlord in the South, often with King Arthur, the name of Viet Nam, or "waters of the south was" to compare countries at the beginning of the official history of Vietnam.
The Han dynasty attacked Vietnam as a province of China and its people in slavery for rice production.
Trung sisters were both widowed when her husband was a Chinese official executed. They met the aristocrats, who collected thempeasants, fighting for freedom in 40 AD. Even if they are successful, the Trung sisters committed suicide in a river, when the Chinese came 20 years later. Unlike most countries, not Vietnam's women to be underestimated, and credits them with courage and wisdom, that the U.S. has not been eliminated.
Kublai Khan-A fearsome Mongol warlords, the invasion of the 13th century attempted. The Vietnamese used the mountains along the guerrilla-style, as a defense. Khan, who wasAble to win most of the world, could not handle Vietnam. He tried to attack three times and each was successful. It is here that the Vietnamese have tested their medals and learned to defend themselves.
Ming Dynasty invaded again, this time for rice, the tusks, precious stones and other minerals. The Chinese have sought their culture by children attend Chinese schools, and all the forces that lead people to impose on Chinese clothing.
Ly Thuong-wrote the Declaration of VietnameseIndependence
The Act beloved hero of the Vietnamese people, has often been portrayed as a fisherman, a magical sword caught in his net. It 'was really frustrated a Vietnamese aristocrat who went to the mountains and in 1418 proclaimed himself the "Prince of peace" and urged his compatriots to repression in China.
Battle of Dong-a successful fight in 1426 Tot The law was so anxious to get rid of Chinese junks, and if the horsesway back.
Golden Age-The time that the following act of rebellion happened. He built his capital near Hanoi, and rewarded the faithful of the land and civil engineering. Le Thanh Tong dynasty peacefully for the next 400 years, the promotion of education and the structuring of Vietnam with an effective government.
North-South divide after the death of the chief, Le Thanh Tong last dynasty, between the laws in Vietnam-split north and Trinh NguyenJudgement in the south. Le Nguyen turned to France for protection.
Part Two: The French participation
Age of Discovery-Explorer is a large company in the 16 century. Magellan travel costs a lot of money, but brings the spices on a single ship was sufficient to cover the entire company. There was a lot of money by the development of the hidden treasures of the world. A nation can claim to give to foreign countries, its ships in a safe haven, a tactical advantage,, Brag, or just to be sure, no one before me. France was in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, Thailand could maintain their independence. France was not really happy with what that Vietnam had to offer, but were interested in a trade route to China.
Although retailers have tried, French traders have not been very successful selling their products Vietnamese people.
Missionaries and Christian missionaries are more successful, and thousands of Vietnamesetransformed the traditional religion of Confucius. France was able to use the missionaries as a pretext for control of Vietnam, claiming that the missionaries were beaten and needed protection.
Francis Garnier (1873) investigated the Red River in the depths of China, and proclaim to be all open for business.
White Man's Burden, the idea that the more "civilized" are morally responsible for third world countries to make the height. This setting allows the French toVietnamese "to promote the implementation" of structures such as bridges, dams, ports, roads and other public works. Naturally, all the work was provided by the Vietnamese, who were paid for the privilege of easy and difficult road with no need to tax.
Mandate of Heaven, the belief that a leader by divine right, because it is predestined.
Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam, has lived for many years but returned home in early 1940, Japan did during the Second World War has resumed. Knownaffectionately as "Uncle Ho" for most people, ended the mandate of heaven have. Although it is one of the most influential of the 20th century, was part of the United States, the people of Vietnam and other developing world underestimated considered stupid and barbaric. Ho Chi Minh was a tireless fighter and an expert on propaganda. He refused, something less than total withdrawal of all countries who are trying to accept and Vietnam. Wantedthe independence of his people, and would accept nothing less.
World War II and the consequences of Hitler conquered France in 1940, Vietnam and Japan, but France used as a puppet to control. After the Allies won World War II, the territory was returned to France, the burden of overhead costs and to address the situation, particularly those passed in the north have been relentless in their efforts for independence. France has begun to ask for help of its allies. In 1954, as were the United Statesin question, told all in South Vietnam with an official statement made French fluently, and the abolition French mannerism.
The third part, the U.S. participation
American sentiment during and after the Second World War, the fear of death of a U.S. nuclear attack. The schools regularly held drills nuclear and children have learned to hide under desks in case of attack. There are several reasons America has been involved in Vietnam, but were most pressing:
Communism and RussiaChina and the superpowers were enormous, and other countries have begun to communicate with them. At one point, Khrushchev, took the leader of the Soviet Union, the shoe and threw it against the podium and shouted that he would destroy his enemies.
The concentration camps, there was no information highway, and the American people is not as brutal images of terror, as they are today. The Americans were shocked to hear the accounts, as reflected in the concentration camps, and disrupted macabrePhotos of naked and starving victims. It 'was a great sense of pride, the country that liberated them civilians and state of the American spirit was in time to help those less fortunate. The United States was the most powerful force in the world, and for this reason, said to help people take responsibility for the countries that are not so much that they invaded by the communists.
Eisenhower Eisenhower was satisfied with the form of cash and materials to help giveFrance with its efforts, but the president was in no hurry to send troops.
An increase in young Senator Kennedy to the presidency, "said Kennedy in Vietnam as" the next generation. "It was Kennedy's position is that without our help, the people of Vietnamese communism, would be taken against their will.
monolithic threat, Russia and China are two very powerful Communist countries. Although never really long, shocked the United States and its allies, China and Russia are pooling their resources toand declare war on democracies.
Although the practice of Ho Chi Minh Diem for the position, asked the U.S. president decided to appoint Diem of Vietnam. He had a lot of things for him as much as American politicians fear that Catholics and anti-communist. Diem had to be made by a family for me and I knew very little about the village life, traditions and tried to ban her for generations. For example, it was for Vietnamese men take multiple wives, but when common Diemcame to power, said illegal. Diem never tried to win the support of his constituents are complaining people were stupid and barbaric.
Why not I? In his search for independence, Ho Chi Minh looked at each country, could offer help, even in communist countries. The leaders of the United States does not believe that I was not a Communist. The United States has made us a leader when he was told to appoint, and I was too stubborn.
U.S. strategy in the late 50s andIn the early '60s, the tenor of the United States of millions of dollars in cash and equipment was sent to Vietnam. The hope was that the army of South Vietnam (ARVN), with appropriate training, would be able to successfully defend against the North. The advisers were sent to train ARVN officers on military tactics, and use the material provided.
Although no difference of culture in general say the consultants for the United States saw the Vietnamese as the first andalso stupid. Most of the people of South Vietnam had never seen a television, and seldom left their small village. American soldiers are not sensitive to cultural differences and spiritual. For example, it has been for many Vietnamese men with a piece of tissue in the stomach of normal sleep spiritual. American advisers ARVN official kidding on this habit, and desire that ARVN contain this substance has been refused supplies. This slightMisunderstanding is a disparity between the ARVN and those who hope that cause the formation.
Taylor / Kennedy-Rostow report sent Maxwell Taylor and Walter Rostow to Vietnam to give a progress report. What return has not been promising. The ARVN had a defensive Outlook and no ambition for an offensive battle. The report proposes that the United States should cover at least 8,000 more consultants. Kennedy hesitated to send additional troops, as if she is interested, does not see the endcommitment. Early 8000 would only need more. Fortunately or not, depending on how you slice it, there was a flood in the Mekong Delta, the Administration was that it could send to 8000 consultants in the form of flood protection and remove it without embarrassment, if necessary.
MAAG-A group of soldiers sent to solve the above problem.
Strategy 1961-1962-Americans more optimistic to think that the ARVN could be trained to dealThings alone. Although Kennedy had to send more advisers, compared to 3,205 in 1961-9000 in 1962, the U.S. government has tried everything to take the middle path and not to provoke military action by Russia or China. morale has been decreasing steadily ARVN, which has become the high desertion rate, and many villages with relief to the enemy. Diem began to be a problem, too. She needed help from the U.S., but was as sensitive as a puppet to U.S. demands. WouldDecisions made without consultation with the United States would retaliate and America. As a means to control Diem, the United States indicated that shall send no more aid to Diem accepted the reform of the state and those of the United States in its decisions. Although the parties agreed, agreements, or below, and often worked against each other.
Diem, a growing problem Diem run by a Catholic family, and has never rubbed shoulders with the villagers that the average farmermost of South Vietnam. He was more interested in the correctness of his administration, and a person whose only qualification is that he was to appoint a friend or family member. This is a government that was weak and ineffective and corrupt. Diem's brother's wife and his brother have always been the biggest problem of all. Nobody had any respect for the people of the country, and that Buddhist monks were lighting the fire began as a protest against the Catholic governmentDiem's sister-in-law commented on a barbecue ruthless.
Strategic Hamlet Program enemies to the north were often able to get comfortable in villages throughout the south of Vietnam. Although Diem and many senior officials wanted a democracy, could not the villagers have maintained a certain way, and indeed, many would have preferred, Ho Chi Minh. The solution to this problem is to evacuate all the villages and to move people in one of 23 regions,optimistic "village. The plan was good for the United Kingdom worked in a similar situation, and seemed the ideal solution. districts not only to prevent infiltration by the enemy, but the U.S. had hoped would promote self-government elections and village self-sufficiency through schools and medical devices. American leadership counted all the villagers would be comfortable and modern living, close to the kind would be used to separate clans, we must unite,units.
Why not work South Vietnamese life revolves around the village, and should not be so happy, their way of life, as everyone had hoped. The "XA" or village was not only their homes but also the burial place of their ancestors. According to the Vietnamese culture, it was his duty to take care of the graves of his ancestors, and has won many districts do. Furthermore, most people were the Diem government to take on products,false reports that the United States have claimed. Those who were not corrupt, incompetent and inefficient saw the U.S. as a means of endless supply. Many villagers are farmers lost their land and have had only a plastic card in return. To make matters worse, the villagers had no experience in war, and it was expected that the defense of the country. The FNL has used this infiltration or attacks on villages.
FNL / National Liberation Front USAas Viet Cong. Headquarters of the North, but they seemed no different from any other Vietnamese, and managed to infiltrate nearly all levels. Their mission was complete independence, and not settle for less.
First U.S. Wrestling U.S. sent more than 300 military aircraft, and "consultant" to fly to them. American pilots to train ARVN soldiers in combat zones, and release them for combat operations. The Kennedy administration did not want the American peoplewell what was happening, insisting that the troops were only advisers, even long after they are engaged in battle. U.S. control of the victims were advertised as "training accidents."
Hawks American citizens for involvement in Vietnam.
Doves American citizen involvement in Vietnam
Agent Orange-One of the most pressing problems for helicopter pilots was the dense canopy of trees, flyers on the display of the situation, which prevents the soil, or a friendEnemy. The solution was to defoliants, chemicals, and leaves are used bands. When the Vietnamese look desolate, is lush and green, have reacted the same way that Americans, when a foreign power would be destroyed and millions of acres of national forests and wildlife was. Ho Chi Minh, a master of bad press, can easily manage anger in revolt, and even the South has begun to accept.
Another murder NLFSeffective tactic. No one was sure of the highest officials of the inhabitants of the village. Many times, the FNL had killed an officer and a plainclothes agent ready to take his place.
The fourth part of the escalation of U.S. commitment
American soldiers Over time, more and more the United States began to send "help move consultant" things. These soldiers were trained in conventional warfare, and even though he said the style of warfare, which had never really dealt with in a real worldLocation.
Mistrust on both sides, U.S. and ARVN soldiers were technically on the same page, but do not trust each other. The soldiers, the Americans had me thinking about how attitudes and bowed, the ARVN soldiers were silent, slow and corrupt, while the ARVN soldiers, called "ugly Americans" considered their colleagues as intrusive know-it-all who were considered above all others.
The U.S. Coup conclusion that its objectives could be achievedWith Diem in power, and a coup was being prepared. The United States may not have planned or participated in, but Kennedy was aware of the front part of the acquisition, but was visibly shaken when he learned that Diem and his brother were assassinated. The coup was successful, but it was in Vietnam without a strong government or real leader. The United States has asked if there was a problem of negotiating for another.
Assassination of Kennedy-Johnson has promised to seek, where he had left Kennedy. If Kennedy had lived, would be hisAble to draw from Vietnam, but after his death, wanted to see the Americans met all its objectives.
Election 1964-Johnson, the Democratic champion, met with Kennedy as vice president and president after his death. Goldwater, the Republican challenger, was considered a fair and prudent. campaign Johnson portrayed Goldwater as reckless and warned U.S. voters against him to get his finger near the nuclear bomb.
The large firm, butJohnson has promised to continue from where Kennedy was arrested, his real child, The Great Society Program. The idea behind the program was that America, with the most powerful country in the world, should not social issues. These included programs such as Head Start, Medicare, HUD and foundations, the arts and humanities. Johnson wanted to promote ideas such as the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and set up commissions to regulate the security features of products such as fireproof pajamas, etc. Some ofReason Johnson was the Vietnam War back because one of those satisfied with their agreement with the war, his ideas took place.
From 1964 - until now America has committed 24,000 advisers ARVN train stop and the ideas of the FLN. The FNL is the intensification of fighting in the hope of persuading the U.S. not to withdraw.
It 'was tasteless Tonkin reports that the American ships were attacked by the FNL, although later reports said that the situationnot like the original. In a way that was at the time of the Congress so angry that another country to attack the nerves in the United States, Johnson has given the green light (the vote was 418-0) have on the offensive. The audience suddenly, and, from a previous 42% changed in favor of Vietnam 72%. Johnson was very popular, and essentially free hand was given to his liking.
Flaming Dart initiative as a means of revenge. Any attack would FNLmet with a devastating bombardment. Hope that once that the FNL would be the image of the firepower the United States are more than willing to come to the negotiating table was received.
Rolling Thunder-48 hours later, the U.S. decided to take the concept of constant bombardment of a gradual escalation for several reasons, the FNL into the scare quote, sent a strong signal to American allies, changes in the internal politics of consensus ARVN refusal to provide buoyancy and frighten all South Vietnamese canThere were still undecided. First, the attacks brought few results, but once committed, the U.S. could not stop. Initially regarded as less important objectives in the hope that other important goals, an asset could be used when the FNL has realized the power of the United States.
A surprising troops air-ground needs ground forces to protect the base, and many other initiatives. The Johnson administration told the American people who live on earth was lost was nervous, and hopefully keepWar in the air.
Protest-Americans began to realize that they cheated. Until then, the government had done everything to prevent the entry of American troops were involved in the fight. to reverse the trend of opinion has begun. The Americans wanted a part of Vietnam, but the idea of loss of life for the cause was not acceptable.
Selective Service?-In 1966, the student deferment was revoked, meaning that a student can receive in the project only for itsStudent status. Students across the country began protests, burning draft cards and make lots of noise. Although most people were for participation in Vietnam, the opponents were much stronger and causes a big scene.
communist action, even if the U.S. was nervous, the presumed monolithic threat, indeed, Russia and China against each other, everyone wanted to be leader of the communist world. The two communist countries have contributed to the effort of the FNL, butno further.
NLF, the North was not willing to give American bombs struck many of its roads and bridges, but people have been pushed north. Often called a "job description of an ant, women and children helped to repair the damage. Gravel on the road would be repaired almost as fast as they hit. Instead of trucks that could easily be spotted by aircraft, transport more important along the Ho Chi Minh TrailMotion that could carry about 500 kilograms of supplies and equipment. The NLF soldiers were accustomed to hard work and does not need much in the way of supplies. If anything, the bombing of soldiers of the FLN was a powerful rallying cry, and made them more determined than ever, and U.S..
Meanwhile, the ARVN ARVN could dropout rates in training camp for up to 50%, and those who do not leave abuse, had their positions through taxation, and theft of villagers. Buddhisthave been increasingly vocal, and many ARVN soldiers were sympathetic, they are against American soldiers.
U.S. soldiers from the ARVN defense of Buddhist and very resentful that my comrades are dead American soldiers during the ARVN indifference seemed disgusted. It also seems to prevent the soldiers of South Vietnam, the extraordinary ability of landmines, including U.S. soldiers to believe they were colluding with the enemy.
DifficultiesRolling Thunder From September to May, the monsoon rains was almost constant, so any attempt to attack specific impossible. Estimates say that for every $ 1.00 in damages FNL, the United States spent $ 9.60. Worst of all, is American hostages were captured FNL flyers. In 1966, only used by American bombs exploded at 1,000 FNL U.S. allies to kill.
American consent, the pigeons have always been so vocal, it seemed that the FNL encouraged to persevere, everything to gain. Many Americanswere more bothered by the high-culture "hippie anti-war, which in turn makes them angry about the war. Most of the country to war, but the pigeons were much stronger.
Government of South Vietnam, the United States have resumed after Diem, and had not left feeling the need to know the constant evolution of Vietnamese government what they did. Since there was no place a stable government, the people of South Vietnam is not a sense of unity in their country.
The theory behind U.S. Tacticsa war of attrition that is better equipped and better prepared force capable of bringing his opponents over time. The United States wanted the image, afford to wait, if they were able to project, but in reality, patience was wearing thin and morality. There are more victims of the FNL, but seemed to be capable of personal effectiveness. In 1969, there were 542,000 U.S. troops and 71,000 allied troops. United States based on the fact that the FNL could not use its technology, although the AmericanPeople were tired at the beginning of the war.
Tactics of guerrilla-style hit FNL "and go beyond the concentration in the soil. Miles and miles of tunnels and caves in the mountains. FLN knew that the United States more victims, more public American war against the object.
1965-1967 have been attempts to negotiate, there are over 2,000 attempts to negotiate. The shape of the table was made. The United States wanted the independence of South Vietnam, but the FLN would not solve anything, butcomplete U.S. withdrawal.
U.S. troops feeling from the beginning of Rolling Thunder, Johnson and his advisers wanted to micromanage the war, especially in the air. Johnson was not even heard that a dependency would be bombed without your permission. The American pilots were frustrated because it was not all in Washington by those who were seated around a table together to pilot a plane. Ground troops do not feel as frustrated as much. The soldiers had a vague ideaAbout the protest back in America, but had no idea of the scale. They were proud of themselves and thought they did the right thing, to imagine that they would receive a return as heroes. Their goal was a democratic South Vietnam, and felt as if they had won the war. America won every battle in the Vietnam War, and most of the soldiers who continue to frustration and bitterness at the way things feel used.
General Westmoreland in Vietnam. Itwas frustrated, but more often left alone on the ground control, but not the number that was sent. Westmoreland was extremely frustrated, knows that he can win, but not the green light.
Mai Lai massacre on March 16, 1968, about 500 unarmed citizens living in a South Vietnamese village, mainly women, children and elderly were brutally killed by U.S. troops. Some victims were mutilated and sexually assaulted. Although the reasoning was thatThe civilians, enemy soldiers have been accused of hosting, the incident clearly and without doubt an abomination. The American public was not adequately informed about the massacre until next year if the soldiers who were disgusted and tried to stop the carnage, talk about what had happened to her began informed. Of course, the world was shocked when he realized what had happened. Ultimately, a platoon leader William Calley for a crime in connection with the incident "was sentenced."Unfortunately, all other American soldiers who pay the price for the actions of a few, and many good men have returned home to serve the cries of the baby killer "and other abuse allegations in their country faithfully.
America withdraw gradually, and then much has been chosen by lot, the American soldiers withdrew from Vietnam, and was until 1973 America was officially the battle. At first it seemed that the north will soon impose a Communist government in the south, but do not know,could be maintained in the South and the North has caused loss of beating.
But … The North has not given up, and in 1975 managed to reach the south. In April, the evacuation began in America in an emergency all diplomatic personnel and civilians. Many were Broken Heart, the people of South Vietnamese who had fought courageously for democracy to get behind him and asked for help. As of April 30 was the end of suspense and newspapers around the world, photos of pastThe Americans on the embassy roof, flying helicopter in the early hours of the morning. From 11.30 clock, the war was lost, like a tank through the gates of the presidential palace incident came and hoisted the flag of the NLF.
After thinking it was unfair for armchair warriors to be present, what decisions they made when you turn the series. Hind sight is 20/20, and I make decisions about what should or could have been. The only thing I know for sure that thelarge majority, many American soldiers in Vietnam deserves my thanks and respect.
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